Read the 'public policy' ground in s.34 to include 'patent illegality', widening the scope to set aside a domestic arbitral award — a position later narrowed by the 2015 amendments.
A. Ayyasamy v. A. Paramasivam · 2016Distinguished mere allegations of fraud (arbitrable) from serious, complex allegations of fraud (which a court may decline to refer to arbitration) when considering a s.8 reference.
Educational mapping, not legal advice. Read the Act on an official source (India Code / eCourts) and confirm specifics with a qualified advocate.